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Siddhar
Siddhar ( Tamil தமிழ் : சித்தர் )
Published: 14 June 2016 (Tue)
Last Updated: 29 June 2024 04:30 AM (GMT+8)
Siddhar ( Tamil தமிழ் : சித்தர் ) are saints in India, mostly of the Saivaite denomination in Tamil Nadu, who professed and practised an unorthodox type of Sadhana, or spiritual practice, to attain liberation. Yogic powers called Siddhis are acquired by constant practice of certain yogic disciplines. Those who acquire these Siddhis are called Siddhas. These sidhars can be compared to Mystics of the western civilization. Siddhars are people who are believed to control and transcend the barriers of time and space by meditation (Yoga), after the use of substances called Rasayanas that transform the body to make it potentially deathless, and a particular breathing-practice, a type of Pranayama. Through their practices they are believed to have reached stages of insight which enabled them to tune into the powers hidden in various material substances and practices, useful for suffering and ignorant mankind. Typically Siddhars were saints, doctors, alchemists and mysticists all at once. They wrote their findings, in the form of poems in Tamil language, on palm leaves which are collected and stored in what are known today as Palm leaf manuscript ( Tamil தமிழ் : ஓலைச் சுவடி ) are manuscripts made out of dried palm leaves and they served as the paper of the ancient world in parts of Asia as far back as the fifteenth century B.C.E and possibly much earlier, today still owned by private families in Tamil Nadu and handed down through the generations, as well as public institutions such as Universities all over the world (India, Germany, Great Britain, U.S.A.).
In this way Siddhars developed, among other branches of a vast knowledge-system, what is now known as Siddha medicine, practised mainly in Tamil Nadu as Traditional native medicine. A rustic form of healing that is similar to Siddha medicine has since been practised by experienced elderly in the villages of Tamil Nadu. ( This has been misunderstood as Paatti Vaitthiyam, Naattu marunthu and Mooligai marutthuvam. While paati vaitthiyam or naatu marunthu is traditional Tamil medicine and mooligai marutthuvam is Ayurvedic medicine. ) They are also founders of Varmam - a martial art for self-defence and medical treatment at the same time. Varmam are specific points located in the human body which when pressed in different ways can give various results, such as disabling an attacker in self-defence, or balancing a physical condition as an easy first-aid medical treatment.
Tamil Siddhars were the first to develop pulse-reading ( "naadi paarththal" in Tamil ) to identify the origin of diseases. This method was later copied and used in ayurvedha.
Siddhars have also written many religious poems. It is believed that most of them have lived for ages, in a mystic mountain called Sathuragiri, near Thanipparai village in Tamil Nadu.
One of the best-known Siddhars was Agasthyar or Agasthya, who is believed to be the founding father of Siddha culture.
Abithana Chintamani states Siddhars are either of the 9 or 18 persons enlisted, but sage Agastyar states that there are many who precede these and follow 9 or 18 persons. Many of the great Siddhars are regarded to have powers magical and spiritual.
The 9 siddhars
The 9 listed as Abithana Chintamani states is as follows:
1. Sathyanathar
2. Sadhoganathar
3. Aadhinathar
4. Anadhinathar
5. Vegulinathar
6. Madhanganathar
7. Machaendranathar
8. Gadaendranathar or Gajendranathar
9. Korakkanathar
The 18 siddhars
There are 18 siddhars in the Tamil siddha tradition ( Tamil தமிழ் : தமிழ்ச் சித்தர்கள் ). They are:
1. Sri Patanjali Siddhar ( Tamil தமிழ் : பதஞ்சலி )
2. Sri Agastya Siddhar
3. Sri Kamalamuni Siddhar ( Tamil தமிழ் : கமலமுனி )
4. Sri Thirumoolar Siddhar ( Tamil தமிழ் : திருமூலர் )
5. Sri Kuthambai Siddhar ( Tamil தமிழ் : குதம்பைச் சித்தர் )
6. Sri Korakkar Siddhar ( Tamil தமிழ் : கோரக்கர் )
7. Sri Thanvandri Siddhar ( Tamil தமிழ் : தன்வந்திரி )
8. Sri Konganar Siddhar ( Tamil தமிழ் : கொங்கணர் )
9. Sri Sattamuni Siddhar ( Tamil தமிழ் : சட்டைமுனி )
10. Sri Vanmeegar Siddhar
11. Sri Ramadevar Siddhar ( Tamil தமிழ் : இராமதேவ சித்தர் )
12. Sri Nandeeswarar ( Nandidevar in Tamil தமிழ் : நந்தி தேவர் ) Siddhar
13. Sri Edaikkadar Siddhar ( Tamil தமிழ் : இடைக்காடர் )
14. Sri Machamuni Siddhar ( Tamil தமிழ் : மச்ச முனி )
15. Sri Karuvoorar Siddhar
16. Sri Bogar Siddhar ( Tamil தமிழ் : போக நாதர் )
17. Pambatti Siddhar ( Tamil தமிழ் : பாம்பாட்டி )
18. Sundarandandar ( Tamil தமிழ் : சுந்தரானந்த தேவர் )
All Siddhars were among the highest disciples of God Shiva, and are considered equal in their powers and devotion to the supreme God.
1. Eswarapattar
2. Lord Nandi, principal disciple of God Siva
3. Agastyar Maha Munivar disciple of Lord Muruga from Anantasayana, head of the monasteries at Pothigai and Kumbakonam
4. Bogar of Pazhani, disciple of Agathiyar and Kalangi Nathar, 12th c. BCE
5. Thaeraiyar Muni of Ten Pothigai, disciple of Agastya, 10th c. BCE
6. Kalaingai Nathar of Kalahastri monastery,10th c.BCE
7. Korakkar of Paerur, from Thirukonamalai monastery, ?4th c. BCE
8. Pulippaani of Pazhani
9. Thadangann Siddhar
10. BramhaMuni, ?3rd c. BCE
11. Machamuni of Thirupparankundram, ?3rd c. BCE
12. Poonaikkannanaar of Egypt, ?3rd c.BCE
13. Romamunivar of Rome, ?2nd c. BCE
14. Kaaraichchiththar, ?2nd c.BCE
15. Kudhambai Siddhar of Mayilaaduthurai and Kumbakonam, ?2nd c. BCE
16. Kabilar I of Mithila, 2nd c. BCE.
17. Kaagaivanna Siddhar[i] of Kediya(South Sri Lanka), from Pothigai monastery, 2nd c. BCE
18. Dhanvantri from Kasi, of Vaitheeswaran Koil, ?1st c. BCE
19. Valmiki ( Tamil தமிழ் : வால்மீகி ), aka Vaanmeegar of Ettukkudi, ?1st c. BCE
20. Maarkkandeyanaar
21. Koonkannar
22. Kaalaichchittar II
23. Konganar of Tirupati, 1st c. BCE
24. Punnaakkeesar from Naangunaeri, head of Saanganachaeri monastery, 1st c. BCE
25. Karuvurar from Karuvur monastery
26. Kaaduvelichchiththar
27. Aenaathichchittar, 2nd c. CE
28. Idaikkaadar of Oosimuri(in Thondai Nadu), from ThiruAnnaamalai monastery, ?2nd-3rd c. BCE
29. Pulasthiyarfrom Maanthai, head of Aavudaiyaar Koil and Yaazhppaanam monasteries, 3rd c. CE
30. KamalaMuni of Thiruvaarur, ?4th c. BCE
31. Patanjali of Rameswaram, 4th c. BCE
32. Azhaganiyaar of Nagapattinam, ?4th c. CE
33. Kailasanathar, 5th c. CE
34. Kuranguchchittar of Pazhani, 5th c. CE
35. Sattaimuni of ThiruArangam, ?5th c. CE
36. Vaamathevar of Azhagarmalai, ?5th c. CE
37. Agappaei Siddhar of Azhagarmalai, ?3rd c. CE
38. Sivavaakkiyar from Kollimalai, of Thirumazhisai monastery, ?4-5th c. CE
39. Sundarandandar of Madurai, ?5th c. CE
40. Ramadevar of Azhagarmalai
41. Thirumoolar from ThiruAaAduthurai, of ThiruAathavoor monastery, head of Thillai Citrambalam[i] monastery, 8th c. BCE
42. Sri Jnyaaneswar of Gujarat
43. Kaagapujundar, Leader for all nathats, 8 BCE
44. VaasaMuni
45. KoormaMuni
46. Visvamitrar
47. Kumbhamuni ( Tamil தமிழ் : கும்பமுனி )
48. Kaduveli of Irumbai
49. Nandeeswarar of Kasi, from Thillai monastery, 6th c. CE
50. Pattinattaar of Pugaar, 7th c. CE
51. Karuvoorar from Karuvoor, of Thanjai monastery, master of Rajaraja Chola, 10th c. CE
52. Pambatti Siddhar from Jnaneswaram ( Sarankovil ), of Vilaimalai ( Vriddhachalam ) monastery, 15th c.
53. Vaalai Siddhar of Valangaimaan
54. Edaikadar II, ?15th c. CE
55. Ganapathi Siddhar
56. SuBrahmanya Siddhar
57. Sooriyaananthar
58. Lokaayuthar
59. Bathragiriyaar of Badrachalam, from Thillai monastery
60. Kalunni Siddhar
61. Naga Siddhar ( Mahavatar Babaji ) disciple of Agathiyar and Bogar, 203th,from Himalaya
62. ArunaGiri Nathar 1500th,from Thiruvanamalai
63. Ramalingam Swamigal Vallalar from Chidambaram
Powers of siddhars
The siddhars are believed to have had powers both major and other ‘minor’ powers. These 8 are the Great Siddhis ( Ashtama siddhis ), Eight kinds of supernatural (Divine) powers or Great Perfections and they are explained in detail in various yogic as well as religious texts ; Thirumandiram 668 :
1. Anima ( Atomising / Shrinking )
Power of becoming the size of an atom and entering the smallest beings.2. Mahima ( Expansion / illimitability )
Power of becoming mighty and co-extensive with the universe. The power of increasing one's size without limit.3. Lahima ( Lightness )
Capacity to be quite light though big in size.4. Karima ( Heaviness / Weight )
Capacity to weigh heavy, though seemingly small size.5. Prapthi / Propthi ( Achievement / Fulfillment of Desires )
Capacity to enter all the worlds from Brahma Loga to the neither world. It is the power of attaining everything desired.6. Prakasysm / Prahamiyam ( Obtaining desired things / irresistible will )
Power of disembodying and entering into other bodies (metempsychosis) and going to heaven and enjoying what everyone aspires for, simply from where he stays.7. Isithavam / Esathuvam ( Attainment of salvation / supremacy )
Have the creative power of God and control over the Sun, the moon and the elements.8. Vasithavam / Vasithuvam ( attracting power / dominion over the elements )
Power of control over King and Gods. The power of changing the course of nature and assuming any form.8 Stages of Yoga (Astanga Yogam)
- Purity of mind ( Iyamam )
- Purity of action ( Niyamam )
- Postures ( Asanam )
- Breathing exercise ( Pranayamam )
- Sense withdrawal ( Prathyakaram / Prathiyakaram )
- Concentration ( Dharanai )
- Contemplation ( Meditation ) ( Dhyanam / Dhiyanam )
- Ecstasy ( Samadhi )
6 MAJOR DIVISIONS
- Yogam ( Yoga )
- Gnanam ( Wisdom )
- Vadham ( Alchemy )
- Vaithiyam ( Treatment of Disease )
- Jothidam ( Astrology )
- Maanthrikam ( Magic )
Siddha Manuscript
Siddha / Varma Kalai Manuscript
Published: 14 June 2016 (Tue)
Last Updated: 29 June 2024 04:30 AM (GMT+8)
Below listed are some of the Varma Kalai manuscripts
- Agasthiyar Varma Thiravukol ( Tamil தமிழ் : அகத்தியர் வர்ம திறவுகோள் )
- Agasthiyar Varma Kandi ( Tamil தமிழ் : அகத்தியர் வர்ம கண்டி )
- Agasthiyar Oosi Murai Varmam ( Tamil தமிழ் : அகத்தியர் ஊசி முறை வர்மம் )
- Agasthiyar Vasi Varmam
- Varma Odivu Murivu ( Tamil தமிழ் : வர்ம ஒடிவு முறிவு சாரி - அகத்தியர் )
- Agasthiyar Varma Kannadi ( Tamil தமிழ் : அகத்தியர் வர்ம கண்ணாடி )
- Varma Varisai ( Tamil தமிழ் : வர்ம வரிசை )
- Agasthiyar Mei Theendakalai ( Tamil தமிழ் : அகத்தியர் மெய் தீண்டகலை )
Books on Varmam
The main purpose of this rare ancient art of Varmam is to save the precious human lives. Misuse of this ancient art has caused our masters and ancestors to conceal informative texts about Varmam, which are in the form of palm-leaf manuscripts. Today, those manuscripts are in the brink of extinction. Hundreds of such rare manuscripts are scattered across many houses in South India (Tamil Nadu and Kerala). It is our duty to collect, processes, and transform these rare manuscripts into a form helpful to the Siddha Medicine. It is also our duty to safeguard these valuable texts and pass it on to the next generation. Thirumoolar Varmalogy Institute vows to do this task.
By analyzing the Varmam texts that are collected so far, our researchers have arrived at the following seven hypotheses of teaching Varmam. They are:
- Teaching Varmam points in relationship with self-defense
- Teaching Varmam points and their characteristics
- Teaching Varmam points in relationship with nervous system
- Teaching Varmam points in relationship with skeletal system
- Teaching reviving methods to cure diseases caused by Varmam
- Teaching medicines to cure diseases caused by Varmam
- Teaching spells (mantra) to cure diseases caused by Varmam
Names of the few known text are as follows:
- Varma Suthram ( Tamil தமிழ் : வர்ம சூத்திரம் - போகர் )
- Varma Beerangi
- Naalu Maathirai
- Naramparai
- Narambu Suthram 100 ( Tamil தமிழ் : நரம்பு சூத்திரம் 100 )
- Narambu Suthram 400 ( Tamil தமிழ் : நரம்பு சூத்திரம் 400 )
- Varma Odivu Murivu Sara Suthram 1500 ( Tamil தமிழ் : வர்ம ஒடிவு முறிவு சர சூத்திரம் 1500 )
- Panchakarnapinnal
- Alavunool Piramaanam
- Varma Odivu Murivu Kanḍasaari 300
- Varma Thoondamani
- Aksakkural Venba 300
- Varma Gandam ( Tamil தமிழ் : வர்ம காண்டம் ) by Puli Pani ( Tamil தமிழ் : புலிப்பாணி )
Hundreds of similar such texts are never published and the world has no clue about them.
Varmam School of Thoughts
On researching over the available Varmam texts, it is evident that Varmam has grown under 3 independent schools of thoughts, mainly governed by 3 ancient siddha's namely Agasthiyar, Bohar and RamaDevar.
Philosophies of Varmam
If we research the basic philosophies of the books in the category A1, A2 and A3, we can reach the philosophy of School A. Similarly by researching the basic philosophies of the books in other categories, we can arrive at the following 3 school of thoughts.
- Agasthiyar ( Tamil தமிழ் : அகத்தியர் ) School of Thought
- Bohar ( Tamil தமிழ் : போகர் ) School of Thought
- Rama Devar School of Thought
Please note that though we haven't come across any books written by Rama Devar, a separate school of thought has been created under his name. This is based on the inference from the following poem :
Kai Mathirai Thiravukol Verse 41
" பண்பாக அகத்தியனார் . ராமதேவர்
பணிவாக போகமுனிவர் தானும்
பருவமாய் மனிதர்கள் பிழைக்கவென்று
பாங்காகச் சொன்னதொரு நூல்கள் கண்டு
பார்த்திடவே சுருக்கமாய் பிரித்துச் சொன்னேன் "
Published Siddha Manuscripts (Alphabetical Order)
Bala Asiriyam & Bala Vagada Asiriyam (Medicinal Preparations) Manuscript
Kumbamuni Balavagadam Manuscript
Mathalai Noi Thoguthi– I Manuscript
Mathalai Noi Thoguthi – II Manuscript
Mathalai Noi Thoguthi – III Manuscript
Maruthuva Asiriyam (Medicinal Preparations) Manuscript
Meganoi Soothanool & Arivaiar Sinthamoni Manuscript
Natchathira Kandam - 1200 & Pandaputhiyal (Medicinal Preparations) Manuscript
Natchathira Kandam – 1500 (Medicinal Preparations) Manuscript
Odivu Murivu sara Soothiram - 1200
Pitham, Peenisam & Suranoi Thoguthi Manuscript
Pancha Soothiram, Mavirutcha Kandam & Bhootha Kandam Manuscript
Porul Panbu Nool (With Annotation) Manuscript
Sanni, Vaisoori, Paithyam & Oozhinoi Thoguthi Manuscript
Silerpanam & Udaranoi Thoguthi Manuscript
Siddha Maruthuva Noi Thoguthi – I Manuscript
Tharalamoni Palavagadam (Medicinal Preparations) Manuscript
Varma Nool Thoguthi - I Manuscript
Vatha Noi Thoguthi Manuscript
Published Siddha Books (Alphabetical Order)
A Textbook of Varma Medicine
Bala Asiriyam -1000
Bala Vagada Asiriyam
Formulary of Varma Medicine
Fundamentals of Varma Medicine
Kumbamuni Bala Vagadam
Location of Varma Points
Maruthuva Asiriyam
Mathalai Noi Thoguthi– I
Mathalai Noi Thoguthi – II
Mathalai Noi Thoguthi – III
Jeeva Urpathi Sinthamoni
Mathirai Alangaram
Pillaipini Bala Vagadam
Mattu Vagadam
Mega Noi Nithanam
Soothaga Nool – 300
Arivair Sinthamoni
Natchathira Kandam -1200
Panda Puthaiyal & Vattu Nool
Natchathira Kandam - 1500
Traumatology in Varma Medicine
Pancha Soothiram
Mavirucha Kandam
Bootha Kandam
Pitha Nithanam
Peenisa Noi Nithanam
Kaviya Sura Nool
Kadai Vagadam
Kuna Vagadam
Sanni Nithanam
Vaisoori Nool
Paithiya Roga Nithanam
Kutta Noi Nithanam
Oozhi Noi Nithanam
Siddha Maruthuva Noi Thoguthi – I
Silerpana Nithanam
Uthara Mayakuri
Tharalamani Pala Vagadam (Medicinal Preparations)
Varmam - 108
Varma Medicine - Special
Varma Medicine - General
Varma Odivu Murivu Sara Soothiram – 1200
Sathuramoni Soothiram 600
Varma Odivu Murivu Sari Soothiram - 1500
Urpathi Naramparai
Lada Soothiram – 300
Adi Varma Sootcham
Varma Lada Soothiram
Varma Soothiram
Varma Beerangi -100
Paduvarma Vibara Thathuva Kattalai
Nalu Mathirai Urai
Varmani Soothiram – 100
Odivu Murivu Kattumurai Sari – 110
Odivu Murivu Kattu Soothiram – 60
Varma Soothiram – 50
Beerangi Thiravukol - 16
Varma Soodamani
Varma Kannadi – 500
Varma Kalai Kannadi Soothiram - 200
Vatha Noi Thoguthi Manuscript
List of known Varmam Books (in Tamil)
வர்ம மருத்துவ நூல்களின் பெயர்கள்
வ. எண் |
நூலின் பெயர் |
ஆசிரியர் |
பதிப்பாளர் |
குறிப்பு/ பதிப்பித்த ஆண்டு |
1.
|
வர்ம அளவை நூல்
|
டாக்டர் .த. கண்ணன் ராஜாராம் |
தமிழ் மருத்துவ கழகம் |
1993 2005
|
2.
|
வர்ம மருத்துவத்தின் அடிப்படைகள் |
டாக்டர் .த. கண்ணன் ராஜாராம் |
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
2007
|
3.
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வர்ம புள்ளிகளின் இருப்பிடம் |
டாக்டர் .த. கண்ணன் ராஜாராம் |
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
2007
|
4.
|
வர்ம மருத்துவம் (சிறப்பு) |
டாக்டர் .த. கண்ணன் ராஜாராம் |
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
2007 |
5.
|
வர்ம மருத்துவம் (பொது) |
டாக்டர் .த. கண்ணன் ராஜாராம் |
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
2008 |
6.
|
வர்ம மருந்து செய்முறைகள் |
டாக்டர் .த. கண்ணன் ராஜாராம் |
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
2008 |
7. |
வர்ம ஒடிவு முறிவு மருத்துவம் ( எலும்பு முறிவு - தொகுதி-1) |
டாக்டர் .த. கண்ணன் ராஜாராம்
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
2008 |
8. |
வர்ம ஒடிவு முறிவு மருத்துவம் ( நரம்பு முறிவு – தொகுதி-2) |
டாக்டர் .த. கண்ணன் ராஜாராம்
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
9.
|
வர்ம மருத்துவம்
|
டாக்டர் .த. கண்ணன் ராஜாராம் |
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
2011 |
10.
|
வர்மம் – 108
|
டாக்டர் .த. கண்ணன் ராஜாராம் |
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
2012 |
11. |
வர்ம மருத்துவம் – தொடக்கப் பயிற்சிக் கையேடு
|
டாக்டர் .த. கண்ணன் ராஜாராம் |
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
தமிழ்- ஆங்கிலம் |
12.
|
வர்ம நூலளவு சூத்திரம் |
டாக்டர் .த. கண்ணன் ராஜாராம் |
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
13.
|
வர்ம ஒடிவு முறிவு சாரி சூத்திரம் -1500 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
2009 |
14.
|
வர்ம ஒடிவு முறிவு சர சூத்திரம் -1200 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
2009 |
15.
|
வர்ம சர சூத்திரத் திறவுகோல் -36 |
|
1,டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் 2, மூலச்சல் ராஜேந்திரன் |
2009 |
16.
|
சதுரமணி சூத்திரம்-600 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
2009 |
17.
|
உற்பத்தி நரம்றை
|
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
2010 |
18.
|
லாட சூத்திரம் -300 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
2010 |
19. |
அடிவர்ம சூட்சம் |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
2010 |
20. |
வர்ம லாட சூத்திரம் |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
2010 |
21. |
வர்ம சூத்திரம் -200 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
2010 |
22.
|
வர்ம பீரங்கி -100
|
|
1,டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் 2,ஜெபக்கனி பாக்கியநாதன் நாடார் 3,ம.செல்வராஜ் 4, வி. நிசி வில்சன் |
2010
1938
1998
2003 |
23. |
படுவர்ம விவர தத்துவக்கட்டளை
|
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
2010 |
24.
|
நாலு மாத்திரை உரை -180 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
2010
|
25.
|
வர்மாணி சூத்திரம் -100
|
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
2010
|
26.
|
ஒடிவு முறிவு கட்டுமுறை சாரி -110 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
2010
|
27.
|
ஒடிவு முறிவு கட்டு சூத்திரம் -60 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
2010
|
28. |
வர்ம சூத்திரம் -50 |
|
1,டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் 2,ஜெபக்கனி பாக்கியநாதன் நாடார் 3,ம.செல்வராஜ் 4, வி. நிசி வில்சன் |
2010
1938
1998
2003 |
29.
|
வர்ம பீரங்கி திறவுகோல் -16 |
|
1,டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் 2,ஜெபக்கனி பாக்கியநாதன் நாடார் 3,ம.செல்வராஜ் 4, வி. நிசி வில்சன் |
2010
1938
1998
2003 |
30.
|
வர்ம சூடாமணி
|
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் டாக்டர்.வி. நிசி வில்சன் |
2013
2004
|
31. |
வர்ம கண்ணாடி -500 |
|
1,டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் 2,டாக்டர்.எ.மரிய ஜோசப் |
2013
2000
|
32.
|
வர்ம கலைகண்ணாடி சூத்திரம் -200 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
2013
|
33.
|
வர்ம கலை கண்ணாடி சூத்திர திறவுகோல் |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
2013 |
34. |
வர்மநூலேணி – 200 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
35.
|
வர்மசூட்சாதிசூட்சம் – 100 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
36 |
வர்மகண்டி – 60 |
|
1,டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் 2,ஜெபக்கனி பாக்கியநாதன் நாடார் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING 1938 |
37.
|
வர்மஅளவுநூல் – 50 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
38.
|
வர்மமுத்திரை – 200 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
39.
|
தட்டுவர்மநிதானம்32 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
40.
|
உள்சூத்திரம் – 32
|
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
41.
|
வர்மகைமுறை – 36 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ்
|
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
42.
|
வர்மதீர்ப்பு – 32 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
43.
|
வர்மகாவியம் – 28 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
44.
|
வர்மாணி – 16 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
45.
|
வர்மபீரங்கி 100-க்கு திறவுகோல் 16 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
46.
|
வர்மபொன்னூசிதிறவுகோல் |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
47.
|
தொடுவர்மதிறவுகோல் 16 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
114.
|
வர்ம குருநாடித் திறவுகோல் -32
|
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
115.
|
வர்ம உற்பன சாரி -32 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
வர்மஅங்காதிபாதம்
|
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
51.
|
வர்மகுருநாடி
|
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
52.
|
வர்மகுருநாடிதிறவுகோல் |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
53. |
வர்மசாரி |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
54.
|
வர்மவில்லும்விசையும்சூத்திரம் |
|
1,டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் 2,ஜெபக்கனி பாக்கியநாதன் நாடார் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING 1938 |
55. |
வர்மஒளி -1000
|
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
56. |
வர்மநிதானம் – 500
|
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
57.
|
வர்ம ஞான ஒடிவு முறிவு சர சூத்திரம் 2200 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ்
|
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
58.
|
வர்ம காண்டம் -1500 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
59.
|
வர்ம சூட்சம் -1500 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
60. |
ஒடிவு முறிவு சாரி நிகண்டகராதி -1200 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
61.
|
வர்ம நிதானம் -500
|
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
62.
|
வர்ம அவதி நிதானம் -500 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
63.
|
வர்ம மருந்து சூத்திரம் -500 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
64.
|
வர்ம சூடாமணி -500
|
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
65.
|
அகத்தியர் குருநாடி -500 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
66.
|
பஞ்ச சூத்திரம் -500
|
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
2013 |
67.
|
வர்ம தூண்டாமணி -416
|
|
--- |
NOT AVAILABLE WITH PUBLISHER |
68.
|
நாலு (மணி) மாத்திரை -400 (உரை) |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
69.
|
வாகட நிதானம் -350 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
70.
|
வர்ம சார சங்கிரக முறிவு சாரி -350 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
71.
|
வர்ம ஒடிவு முறிவு ஞானம் -300 |
|
1,டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் 2,ஜெபக்கனி பாக்கியநாதன் நாடார் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING 1938 |
72.
|
வில்விசை கை வல்லியம் -300 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
73.
|
வர்ம அட்சரக் குறள் -300 |
|
---
|
NOT AVAILABLE WITH PUBLISHER |
74.
|
உற்பன சாரி -205 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
75.
|
வர்ம திறவு கோல்225 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING
|
76.
|
நரம்பு பின்னல் சூத்திரம் -213 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
77.
|
வர்ம சூத்திரம் -205
|
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
78.
|
சிகிச்சை முறிவு சாரி -205 (உரை) |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
79.
|
வர்ம சாரி -205
|
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
80.
|
நரம்பு சூத்திரம் -150 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
81.
|
வர்ம குரு நூல் -130 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
82.
|
வர்ம நிதானம் -125 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
83.
|
நாலு மாத்திரை -120 (உரை) |
|
1,டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் 2,ஜெபக்கனி பாக்கியநாதன் நாடார் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING 1938 |
84.
|
வர்ம தத்துவ சூடாமணி -100 |
|
1,டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் 2, பி. ராமசாமி ஆசான் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING 1999 |
85.
|
சூக்கும சிந்தாமணி -120 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
86.
|
தொடு வர்ம நிதானம் -110 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
87.
|
பாதாதி கேச வர்ம ஆணி -108 (உரை) |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
88.
|
வர்ம கண்டி சாஸ்திரம் -108 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
89.
|
வர்ம நரம்பறை -108
|
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
90.
|
வர்ம நூல் -100 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
91.
|
வர்ம வில்லங்க அளவு கோர்வை -100 (எனும் வர்ம தச்சு சாஸ்திரம்) |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
92.
|
வர்ம அமத்தல் முறை |
|
1,டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் 2, பி.ராமசாமி ஆசான் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING 1999 |
93.
|
நரம்பு சூத்திரம் -100 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
94.
|
வைத்திய சதகம் -100 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
95.
|
வர்ம முடமுறிவு சாரி -100 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
96.
|
முறிவு நிதானம் -100
|
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
97.
|
வர்ம குண்டூசி -100
|
|
--- |
NOT AVAILABLE WITH PUBLISHER |
98. |
வர்ம விதி -67
|
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING
|
99.
|
அகத்தியர் சுவடுமுறை -64 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
100.
|
இலாட சூத்திரம் -64 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
101.
|
அடங்கல் மாத்திரை திறவு கோல் -51 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
102.
|
வர்ம சூட்ச கைபாக கை வல்லிய நூல் -50 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
103.
|
வர்ம நூலளவு சூத்திரம் -50 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
104.
|
வர்ம கண்டி -60 |
|
1,டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் 2,ஜெபக்கனி பாக்கியநாதன் நாடார் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING 1938 |
105.
|
ஒடிவு முறிவு கட்டு சூத்திரம் -60 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
106.
|
வர்ம சாத்திரம் -60
|
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
107.
|
முறிவு கட்டு திறவு கோல் -50 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
108.
|
வர்ம வில்லும் விசையும் -50 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
109.
|
நாலு மாத்திரை திறவு கோல் -50 (உரை) |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
110.
|
வர்ம கைமுறை சூட்சம் -36 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
111.
|
வர்ம கைவல்லியம் -36 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
112.
|
நரம்பு சூத்திரம் -35
|
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
113.
|
வர்ம குருநாடி -35 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
114.
|
வர்ம குருநாடித் திறவுகோல் -32
|
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
115.
|
வர்ம உற்பன சாரி -32 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
116.
|
வர்ம அளவு நூல் -30 (உரை)
|
|
1,டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் 2,ஜெபக்கனி பாக்கியநாதன் நாடார் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING 1938 |
117.
|
வர்ம வாசிநிலை சர நூல் |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
118.
|
வர்ம சூடி |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
119.
|
போகர் வர்ம சூத்திரம் -25 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
120.
|
உள்ளுர அடங்கல் அடக்கம் -24 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
121.
|
பஞ்ச சூத்திர திறவு கோல் -20 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
122.
|
நரம்பறை -400 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
123.
|
வர்ம தடவு முறை-16 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
124. |
வர்மானி -16 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
125. |
வர்ம கண்டி -16 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
126. |
வர்ம சுரநூல் -16 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
127. |
வர்ம திறவுகோல் -16
|
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
128. |
பொன்னூசி திறவுகோல் -16
|
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
129. |
வர்ம தத்துவ சூடாமணி -100 |
|
1,டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் 2, பி. ராமசாமி ஆசான் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING 1999 |
130. |
வர்மாணி சூத்திரம் |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
131. |
நடசாரி -16
|
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
132. |
தொடு வர்மத் திறவு கோல் -16 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
133. |
சர்வாங்க அடங்கல் ஆணி -13 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
134. |
சர்வாங்க அடங்கல் திறவு கோல் -13 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
135. |
துரித இளக்குமுறை அடங்கல் திறவு கோல் -13 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
136. |
வர்ம ஆணித் திறவு கோல் -18 |
|
1,டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் 2, பி. ராமசாமி ஆசான் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING 1999 |
137. |
சான்றோர் இரகசியம் -10 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
138. |
வர்ம அசாத்தியம் -10 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING
|
139. |
தட்டு வர்மச் சுவடு -8 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
140. |
மரண கண்டி -6 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
141. |
வர்ம ஆரம் -6
|
|
1,டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் 2,பி. ராமசாமி ஆசான் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING 1999 |
142. |
கர்ப்பிணிகள் வர்ம இளக்குமுறை -5 (உரை)
|
|
1,டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் 2,ஜெபக்கனி பாக்கியநாதன் நாடார் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING 1938
|
143. |
வர்ம விளக்கம் (உரை)
|
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
144. |
வர்ம கல்பம் -62 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
145. |
பிராண அடக்கம் எனும் வர்ம தெய்வீக அடங்கல்கள் |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
146. |
வர்ம விரலளவு நூல் (உரை) |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
147. |
வர்ம விரலளவு சூத்திரம் |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
148. |
வர்மமும் எழுப்பு முறையும் |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
149. |
அடுக்கு நிலை போதகம் (வர்ம தற்க சாஸ்திரம்) |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
150 |
சீவோற்பத்தி சிந்தாமணி |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
2010 |
151. |
வர்ம கைபாக கைவல்லியம் நூல் |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
152.
|
மங்கையர் மணி
|
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
153. |
வர்ம கண்டி (வடக்கன் வழி) |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
154. |
கர்ப சாரி சூத்திரம் |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
155. |
பீமன் வழி குறுந்தடி சிரமம் -120 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
156. |
அகத்தியர் கம்பு சூத்திரம் |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
157. |
கூடலொழிவு சிரமம் |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
158. |
முறிவு சாரி அடங்கல் -80 |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
159. |
காய நிதானம்
|
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
160. |
மாட்டு வர்ம வாகடம் |
|
டாக்டர்.த. மோகனராஜ் |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING |
161. |
வர்ம வைத்திய மகுடம்
|
|
ஜெபக்கனி பாக்கியநாதன் நாடார் |
1938 |
162. |
வர்ம சாஸ்திர சமகாரம் |
|
கொச்சு கிருஷ்ணன் நாடார் |
1968 மலையாளம் |
163. |
வர்ம சாஸ்திர பீடிகா |
|
குஞ்சு கிருஷ்ணன் நாடார் |
1975 மலையாளம் |
164. |
லாட சூத்திரம் -1200 |
|
பி. வில்சன் |
2000 |
165. |
வர்ம கலைக் களஞ்சியம் |
அலக்சாண்டர் ஆசான் |
அலக்சாண்டர் ஆசான் |
2000 |
166. |
தென்பாண்டித் தமிழரின் சிலம்ப வரலாறும் அடிமுறைகளும் தொகுதி-1 |
அருணாசலம் |
அருணாசலம் |
1995 |
167. |
தென்பாண்டித் தமிழரின் சிலம்ப வரலாறும் அடிமுறைகளும் தொகுதி-2 |
அருணாசலம் |
நாட்டார் வழக்காற்றியல் ஆய்வு மையம் |
1998 |
168. |
வர்ம அறிவியல் பாடநூல் |
|
மூலச்சல் ராஜேந்திரன் |
2006 |
169. |
வர்ம மருத்துவ கையடக்கம் |
|
மூலச்சல் ராஜேந்திரன் |
2012 |
170. |
ஒடிவு முறிவு சாரி நிகண்டகராதி -1200 (500 பாடல் மட்டும்)
|
|
சூ, ராஜாமணி |
1991 |
171. |
வர்ம விதி |
|
ர. தியாகராஜன் |
1976 |
172. |
படுவர்மம் -12 |
|
சு. சாம்ராஜ் |
1983 |
173. |
நெடும் சிலம்பக் கலை பாகம் -1 |
|
பி. ராமசாமி ஆசான் |
1999 |
174. |
நெடும் சிலம்பக் கலை பாகம் -2 |
|
பி. ராமசாமி ஆசான் |
2000
|
175. |
சித்தர்களின் வர்ம சூத்திரங்கள் |
R.C. மோகன் |
தாமரைநூலகம் |
2006 |
List of known Varmam Books (in English)
வர்ம மருத்துவ நூல்களின் பெயர்கள்
S.NO |
NAME OF THE BOOKS |
AUTHOR |
PUBLISHER |
REMARKS/ PUB.YEAR |
1. |
VARMA ALAVAI NOOL |
Dr. T.KANNAN RAJARAM |
TAMIL MARUTHUVA KALAGAM |
1993 2005 |
2. |
FUNDAMENTALS OF VARMA MEDICINE |
Dr. T.KANNAN RAJARAM |
Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
2007 |
3. |
LOCATION OF VARMA POINTS |
Dr. T.KANNAN RAJARAM |
Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
2007 |
4. |
VARMA MEDICINE (SPECIAL) |
DR. T.KANNAN RAJARAM |
Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
2007 |
5. |
VARMA MEDICINE (GENERAL) |
Dr. T.KANNAN RAJARAM |
Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
2008 |
6. |
FORMULARY OF VARMA MEDICINE |
Dr. T.KANNAN RAJARAM |
Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
2008 |
7. |
VARMA ODIVU MURIVU MARUTHUVAM (THOGUTHI-1 ELUMBU MURIVUGAL) |
Dr. T.KANNAN RAJARAM |
Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
2008 |
8. |
VARMA ODIVU MURIVUMARUTHUVAM (THOGUTHI-2 NARMBU MURIVUGAL |
Dr. T.KANNAN RAJARAM |
Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
2008 |
9. |
A TEXTBOOK OF VARMAM |
Dr. T.KANNAN RAJARAM |
Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
2011 |
10. |
VARMAM 108 |
Dr. T.KANNAN RAJARAM |
Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
2012 |
11. |
VARMA MARUTHUVA THOUDAKKA PAIIRCHI KAIYADU |
Dr. T.KANNAN RAJARAM |
Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
TAMIL/ ENGLISH |
12. |
VARMA NOOLALAVU SOOTHITAM |
Dr. T.KANNAN RAJARAM |
Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
UNDER PROCESSIG FOR PRINTING |
13. |
VARMA ODIVU MURIVU SARI SOOTHIRAM-1500 |
|
Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
2009 |
14. |
VARMA ODIVU MURIVU SARA SOOTHIRAM -1200 |
|
Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
2009 |
15. |
VARMA SARA SOOTHIRA THIRAVUCOAL -36 |
|
Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
2009 |
16. |
SHATHURAMANI SOOTHIRAM -600 |
|
Dr. T.MOHANARAJ MOOLCHAL RAJENDRAN |
2009 |
17. |
URPATHI NARAMPARAI |
|
Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
2010 |
18. |
LADA SOOTHIRAM -300 |
|
Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
2010 |
19. |
ADIVARMA SOOTCHAM |
|
Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
2010 |
20. |
VARMA LADA SOOTHIRAM |
|
Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
2010 |
21. |
VARMA SOOTHIRAM -200
|
|
Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
2010
|
22. |
VARMA BEERANKY -100 |
|
1, Dr. T.MOHANARAJ 2, JEBAKANI PAKIYANATHAN NADAR 3, M. SELVA RAJ 4, Dr.W.NISHIWILSON |
2010 1938
1998 2003 |
23. |
PADUVARMA VIBARA THATHUVA KATTALAI |
|
Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
2010 |
24. |
NALU MATHIRAI (URAI) -180 |
|
Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
2010 |
25. |
VARMAANI SOOTHIRAM -100 |
|
Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
2010 |
26. |
ODIVU MURIVU KATTUMURAI SARI -110 |
|
Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
2010 |
27. |
ODIVU MURIVU KATTU SOOTHIRAM -60 |
|
Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
2010 |
28. |
VARMA SOOTHIRAM -50 |
|
1, Dr. T.MOHANARAJ 2, JEBAKANI PAKIYANATHAN NADAR 3, M. SELVA RAJ 4, Dr.W.NISHIWILSON |
2010 1938
1998 2003 |
29. |
VARMA BEERANKEY THIRAVUCOAL -16 |
|
1, Dr. T.MOHANARAJ 2, JEBAKANI PAKIYANATHAN NADAR 3, M. SELVA RAJ 4, Dr.W.NISHIWILSAN |
2010 1938
1998 2003 |
30. |
VARMA SOODAMANI |
|
1, Dr. T.MOHANARAJ 2, Dr.W.NISHIWILSON |
2013 2004 |
31. |
VARMA KANNADI -500 |
|
1, Dr. T.MOHANARAJ 2, Dr.A.MARIYA JOSEPH |
2013 2000 |
32. |
VARMA KALAI KANNADI SOOTHIRAM-200 |
|
Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
2013 |
33. |
VRAMA KALAI KANNADI SOOTHIRA THIRAVUCOAL |
|
Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
2013 |
34. |
VARMA NOOLYANI - 200 |
|
Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
UNDER PROCESSIG FOR PRINTING |
35. |
VARMA SOOTCHATHI SOOTCHAM -100
|
|
Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
UNDER PROCESSIG FOR PRINTING |
36. |
VARMA KANDI -60
|
|
1, Dr. T.MOHANARAJ
2, JEBAKANI PAKIYANATHA NADAR |
UNDER PROCESSIG FOR PRINTING 1938 |
37. |
VARMA ALAVU NOOL -50 |
|
Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
UNDER PROCESSIG FOR PRINTING |
38. |
VARMA MUTTHIRAI -200 |
|
Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
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THATTU VARMA NITHANAM -32 |
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40. |
UL SOOTHIRAM -32 |
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41. |
VARMA KAIMURAI -36 |
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42. |
VARMA THEERPPU -32 |
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43. |
VARMA KAVIYAM -28 |
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44. |
VARMAANI -16 |
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45. |
VARMA BEERANKY -100 IN THIRAVUKOAL -16 |
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46. |
VARMAPONNOOSI THIRAVUCOAL |
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47. |
THOUDDUVARMA THIRAVUCOAL |
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48. |
UL SOOTHIRAM -16 |
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49. |
VARMA PORI NADI THIRAVUCOAL |
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50. |
VARMA ANGATHI PATHAM |
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51. |
VARMA KURUNADI |
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52. |
VARMA KURUNADI THIRAVUKOAL
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53. |
VARMA SARI |
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54. |
VARMA VILLUM VESAIUM SOOTHIRAM |
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UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING 1938 |
55. |
VARMA OLI -1000 |
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56. |
VARMA NITHANAM -500 |
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57. |
VARMA GANA ODIVU MURIVU SARA SOOTHIRAM -2200 |
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58. |
VARMA KANDAM -1500 |
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59. |
VARMA SOOTCHAM -1500 |
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60. |
ODIVU MURIVU SARI NIGADUAGARATHI -1200 |
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61. |
VARMA NITHANAM -500
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62. |
VARMA AVATHI NITHANAM -500 |
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63. |
VARMA MARUNTHU SOOTHIRAM -500 |
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64. |
VARMA SOODAMANI |
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65. |
AGATHIYAR KURUNADI -500 |
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66. |
PANCHA SOOTHIRAM -500 |
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2013 |
67. |
VARMA THOONDA MANI -416 |
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NOT AVAILABLE WITH ME |
68. |
NALLU(MANI) MATHIRAI -400 (URAI) |
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69. |
VAGADA NITHANAM -350
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70. |
VARMA SARA SANKIRAGA MURIVUSARI -350 |
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71. |
VARMA ODIVU MURIVU GANAM -300 |
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72. |
VILVISAI KAIVALLIYAM -300 |
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73. |
VARMA ATCHARA KURAL -300 |
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NOT AVAILABLE WITH ME |
74. |
URPANA SARI -205 |
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Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
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75. |
VARMA THIRAVUCOAL |
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76. |
NARAMPU PINAL SOOTHIRAM -213 |
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77. |
VARMA SOOTHIRAM -205 |
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78. |
CHEKILSHAI MURIVU SARI -205 (URAI) |
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79. |
VARMA SARI -205 |
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Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
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80. |
NARMPU SOOTHIRAM -150 |
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81. |
VARMA KURU NOOL -130 |
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82. |
VARMA NITHANAM -125 |
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83. |
NALLU MATHIRAI -120 (URAI)
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84. |
VARMA THATTUVA SOODAMANI -100 |
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1, Dr. T.MOHANARAJ
2, P. RAMASAMY ASSAN |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING 1999 |
85. |
SOKKUMA SINTHAMANI -120 |
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Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
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86. |
THOUDDU VARMA NITHANAM |
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87. |
PATHATHI KESA VARMA AANI |
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Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
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88. |
VARMA KANDI SASTHIRAM -108 |
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89. |
VARMA NARMBARAI -108 |
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90. |
VARMA NOOL -100 |
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91. |
VARMA VILLANGA ALAVU KORVAI -100 ( VARMA THACHU SASTHIRAM) |
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Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
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92. |
VARMA AMARTHAL MURAI |
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1, Dr. T.MOHANARAJ
2, P. RAMASAMY ASSAN |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING 1999 |
93. |
NARAMPU SOOTHIRAM -100 |
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94. |
VAITHIYA SATHAGAM -100 |
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95. |
VARMA MUDA MURIVU SARI -100 |
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96. |
MURIVU NITHANAM -100 |
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97. |
VARMA KUNDOOUSHI -100 |
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98. |
VARMA VITHI -67 |
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99. |
AGATHIYAR SUVADU MURAI -64 |
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100. |
LADA SOOTHIRAM -64 |
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101. |
ADANGAL MATHIRAI THIRAVUCOAL -51
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102. |
VARMA SOOTCHA KAIPAGA KAI VALLIYA NOOL -50 |
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103. |
VARMA NOOLALAVU SOOTHIRAM -50 |
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104. |
VARMA KANDI -60 |
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1, Dr. T.MOHANARAJ
2, JEBAKANI PAKIYANATHAN NADAR |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING 1938 |
105. |
ODIVU MURIVU KATTU SOOTHIRAM -60 |
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106. |
VARMA SASTHIRAM -60 |
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Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
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107. |
MURIVU KATTU THIRAVUCOAL -50 |
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Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
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108. |
VARMA VILLUM VISAIUM -50 |
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Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
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109. |
NALLU MATHIRAI THIRAVUCOAL -50 (URAI) |
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110. |
VARMA KAI MURAI SOTTCHAM -36 |
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Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
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111. |
VARMA KAIVALLIYAM -36 |
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Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
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112. |
NARAMPU SOOTHIRAM -35 |
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Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
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113. |
VARMA KURUNAADI -35 |
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Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
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114. |
VARMA KURUNAADI THIRAVUCOAL -32 |
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Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
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115. |
VARMA URPANA SARI -32 |
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Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
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116. |
VARMA ALAVU NOOL -30 (URAI) |
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1, Dr. T.MOHANARAJ
2, JEBAKANI PAKIYANATHAN NADAR |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING 1938 |
117. |
VARMA KAVIYAM -28 |
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118. |
VARMA SOODI |
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119. |
POGAR VARMA SOOTHIRAM -25 |
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120. |
ULLURA ADANGAL ADAKKAM -24 |
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121. |
PANCHA SOOTHIRA THIRAVUCOAL -20 |
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122. |
NARAMPARAI -400 |
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Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
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123. |
VARMA THADAVU MURAI -16 |
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Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
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124. |
VARMAANI -16 |
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Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
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125. |
VARMA KANDI -16 |
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Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
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126. |
VARMA SURA NOOL -16 |
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127. |
VARMA THIRAVUCOAL -16 |
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128. |
PONNOOSI THIRAVUCOAL -16 |
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Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
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129. |
VARMA THATTUVA SOODAMANI -100 |
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1, Dr. T.MOHANARAJ
2, P. RAMASAMY ASSAN |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING 1999 |
130. |
VARMAANI SOOTHIRAM |
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Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
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131. |
NADASARI -16 |
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Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
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132. |
THOUDDU VARMA THIRAVUCOAL -16 |
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133. |
SARVAANGA ADANGAL AANI |
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134. |
SARVAANGA ADANGAL THIRAVUCOAL -13 |
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135. |
THURITHA ELAKUMURAI ADANGAL THIRAVUCOAL -13 |
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Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
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136. |
VARMA AANNI THIRAVUCOAL -18 |
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Dr. T.MOHANARAJ
2, P.RAMASAMY ASSAN |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING 1999 |
137. |
SANTOR RAKASEYAM -10 |
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138. |
VARMA ATHISAYAM -10 |
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139. |
THATTU VARMA SUVADU -8 |
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140. |
MARANA KANDI -6 |
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141. |
VARMA AARAM -6 |
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142. |
KARPPINIGAL VARMA ELAKKU MURAI -5 |
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1, Dr. T.MOHANARAJ
2, JEBAKANI PAKIYANATHAN NADAR |
UNDER PROCESSING FOR PRINTING
1938 |
143. |
VARMA VILAKKAM (URAI) |
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144. |
VARMA KALPPAM -62 |
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Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
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145. |
PRANNA ADAKKAM ENNUM VARMA DEYVEEKA ADANGAL |
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146. |
VARMA VIRALALAVU NOOL (URAI) |
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147. |
VARMA VEIRALALAVU SOOTHIRAM |
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Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
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148. |
VARMAMUM EALUPU MURAIUM |
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Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
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149. |
ADDUKU NILAI POTHAGAM (VARMA THARKKA SASTHIRAM) |
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Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
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150. |
JEEVOURPPATHI SINTHAMANI |
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Dr. T.MOHANARAJ |
2010 |
151. |
VARMA KAIPAGA KAIVALLIYAM NOOL
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152. |
MANGAIYAR MANI |
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153. |
VARMA KANDI (VADAKAN VALI) |
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154. |
KARPPA SARI SOOTHIRAM |
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155. |
BEEMAN VALI KURUNTHADI SIRAMAM -120 |
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156. |
AGATHIYAR KAMPU SOOTHIRAM |
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157. |
KOODALOZHIVU SIRAMAM |
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158. |
MURIVU SARI ADANGAL -80 |
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159. |
KAYA NITHANAM |
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160. |
MATTU VARMA VAGADAM |
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161. |
VARMA VAITHIYA MAKUDAM |
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JEBAKANI PAKIYANATHAN NADAR |
1938 |
162. |
VARMA SASTHIRA SAMAGARAM |
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KOCHU KRISHNAN NADAR |
1968 MALAYALM |
163. |
VARMA SASTHIRA PEDIKA |
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KUNJU KRISHNAN NADAR |
1975 MALAYALM |
164. |
LADA SOOTHIRAM -1200 |
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P.WILSON |
2000 |
165. |
VARMA KALAI KALANCHIYAM |
ALEXANDAR ASSAN |
ALEXANDAR ASSAN |
|
166. |
TENPANDI TMILARIN SILAMPAVARALARUM ADIMURIKALUM PART -1 |
ARUNACHALAM |
ARUNACHALAM |
1998 |
167. |
TENPANDI TMILARIN SILAMPAVARALARUM ADIMURIKALUM PART -2 |
ARUNACHALAM |
NATTAR VALAKATTRIYAL AHIVU MAIYAM |
1998 |
168. |
VARMA ARIVIYAL PADA NOOL |
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MOOLACHAL RAJENDRAN |
2006 |
169. |
VARMA MARUTHUVA KAIYADAKAM |
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MOOLACHAL RAJENDRAN |
2006 |
170. |
ODIVU MURIVU SARI NIGANDUAGRATHI -1200 (500 – CLASSICS ONLY) |
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S. RAJA MANI |
1991 |
171. |
VARMA VITHI |
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R.THIYAGA RAJAN |
1976 |
172. |
PADDU VARMAM -12 |
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S. SAMRAJ |
1983 |
173. |
NEDUM SILAMPA KALAI PART -1 |
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P. RAMASAMY ASSAN |
1999 |
174. |
NEDUM SILAMPA KALAI PART -2 |
|
P, RAMASAMY ASSAN |
2000 |
175. |
SIDDHIRKALIN VARMA SOOTHIRNAKAL |
R.C. MOHAN |
THAMARAI NOOLAGAM |
2006 |
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Padartha Guna Chinthamani
Tamil Siddha manuscripts of Traditional Healers
- Last Updated by Guruji Murugan Chillayah on 29 June 2024 04:30 AM (GMT+8)Survey Conducted by: S.Rajkumar *, N.Srinivasan, T.Thirunarayanan, R.Sangeetha
Organisation: Centre for Traditional Medicine & Research (CTMR), Chennai, India
Source of support : Department of AYUSH, Govt. of India.
Extracted from: International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences September 2012 Vol.1 Issue 3 68-73
Received : 06 June 2012
Revised : 11 September 2012
Accepted : 20 September 2012
PADARTHA GUNA CHINTHAMANI ( Tamil Siddha palm manuscripts )
ABSTRACT [back to content]
Background: Traditional Medicine throughout the world has been passed on to the next generation mostly by oral tradition. The two codified medical traditions of India, Ayurvedic and Siddha have also been similarly promoted and the medical literature is in the poetic form for continuity and easy memorization. Subsequently they were written down in palm leaves. Not all palm manuscripts, treasure of knowledge have been converted into books. Objective: To collect and digitize the traditional Siddha medical knowledge documented in the Siddha palm manuscripts in the possession of Traditional healers. Materials and Methods: The Centre for Traditional Medicine, Tamil Nadu, India, carried out survey among different practitioners of Traditional Medicine in northern Tamil Nadu, to locate and collect palm manuscripts and followed it with preservation, cataloging and digitization using digital scanners and photographic equipment. Results: Two hundred and fifty six works were analyzed and this paper presents the age, authorship, subject content and status of the palm manuscripts. Conclusion: The traditional knowledge present in the palm manuscripts are undergoing decay and the persons with knowledge to decipher are less. Hence there is an urgent need to decipher and publish the contents as books. Key words: Siddha, palm manuscripts, Traditional knowledge, survey, India, Tamil Nadu, Ayurvedic Citation: Rajkumar S, Srinivasan T, Thirunarayanan T, Sangeetha R. Survey of Tamil Siddha manuscripts in possession of Traditional Healers in Northern Tamil Nadu. Int J Pharmacol and Clin Sci 2012;1:68-73.INTRODUCTION [back to content]
Knowledge traditionally has been passed on to the next generation by oral tradition before being documented. Ayurvedic and Siddha have also been similarly promoted and the medical literature is in the poetic form for continuity and easy memorization when passed on to the next generation by rote learning. The earliest documentation has been as writing in copper foils, stone and clay plates/tablets and subsequently in palm leaves (Borassus flabellifer) in South Asian countries. The earliest literature on Indian medical practice appeared during the Vedic period in India, i.e., in the mid-second millennium BCE. The SuSruta Saṃhita and the Charaka Saṃhita, encyclopedias of medicine compiled from various sources from the mid-first millennium BCE to about 500 CE, are among the foundational works of Ayurveda. These works are available in the book form with commentaries by different authors. The other tradition Siddha in spite of having multiple contributors of primary knowledge, the eighteen Siddhars, has not been very fortunate to have that many original texts published in book form. However the largest share of the palm manuscript collection of South India, particularly Tamil Nadu is on Traditional Siddha medical practice next only to personal astrology and mantra. The palm leaves being locally available, cheap and easy to write was used more widely than other forms of traditional documents.
India possesses an estimate of five million manuscripts, probably the largest collection in the world. These cover a variety of themes, textures and aesthetics, scripts, languages, calligraphies, illuminations and illustrations. Together, they constitute the ‘memory' of India's history, heritage and thought. The SaraSvati Mahal Library and Manuscriptlogy dept of Tamil University at Thanjavur and the following institutes in Chennai, The Govt. Oriental Manuscript Library, U.Ve.Swaminathaiyer Library, Institute of Asian Studies, International Institute of Tamil Studies, Siddha Central Research Institute, Literary division of the Directorate on Indian Medicine and Homeopathy, Govt. of Tamil Nadu, posses a large number of Siddha manuscripts apart from religious mutts and private individuals. With copies of the same work being available in different libraries and individual possession it is considered about 800 original works of texts of Siddha Medicine are available and of which about 160 have been published as of now. The Govt. Oriental Manuscript Library has digitized and created catalogue for 1085 Tamil Siddha manuscripts in the year 2005.
However, a large number of manuscripts lie scattered across the country and beyond, in numerous institutions as well as private collections, often unattended and undocumented. The current work of collection, cataloguing and digitization was carried out by Centre for Traditional Medicine and Research (CTMR), in Northern Tamil Nadu during the period 2011-2012 and an analysis of the status, content is presented in this paper.
The primary objective was to prepare a digitized inventory of Siddha Medical palm manuscripts along with catalogue of author and subject content. The other objective was to explore the possibility of using this traditional knowledge for future drug development based on leads with proper equity for the holders of traditional knowledge.
MATERIALS AND METHODS [back to content]
The area covered under this survey included Chennai, Vellore, Kanchipuram, Thiruvanamalai, Dharmapuri and Krishnagiri, Villupuram districts of Tamil Nadu (Figure 1). Tamil Nadu lies between 8°5' and 13°35' north latitude and 76°15' and 80°20' east longitude. This area lies south of Andra Pradesh and bounded in the east by Bay of Bengal and west by Salem district in some parts and Bangalore rural district of Karnataka and south by Cuddalore district. The Study area accounts for 35% of Tamil Nadu and each district has about 150 Traditional healers.
Most of the healers store manuscripts in their homes mostly due to the sentiments they attach to the traditional heritage and have a reluctance to share their possession. They also believe that the knowledge or the unique formulation present in the manuscripts could bring them a huge royalty.
Figure 1: Areas covered (under study)
The primary activity was identifying the location of the palm manuscripts. Awareness meetings were held for Traditional healers and institutionally trained Siddha physicians in Dharmapuri, Vellore, Coimbatore, Chennai, Thiruvannamalai and Tirunelveli about the need for collections, preservations and conservation, digitization of the Tamil Siddha palm manuscripts. This helped in identifying manuscripts lying with healers and physicians. The various religious Mutts and libraries were visited to explore the possibility of digitizing hitherto undigitized Manuscripts.
Collection of palm manuscripts
About 400 healers were briefed personally in the awareness meetings and 15 healers provided the palm manuscripts for screening and digitization. Manuscripts thus collected were cleaned and handled as per the guidelines of the National Manuscript Mission of India.
Palm leaf being in nature is susceptible to deterioration due to physical damage and decay. The most common deteriorating agents are climatic factors like temperature and humidity variations, insects, constant handling and improper storage. We cleaned every leaf with soft tissue paper and lemon grass oil was applied to each leaf to preserve palm leaves. Fading was restored by applying carbon black mixed with oil on the leaf. Then leaves were dried and kept in wooden shelves to avoid direct sunlight. Each state and region has its own indigenous method of preparing, writing and preserving the palm leaves." Few methods to conserve manuscripts are;
1. The use of natural herbs like Vasambu (Acorus calamus) or Neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) with the manuscripts to keep insects away.
2. Application of citronella oil, camphor oil, or lemon grass oil on the surface of the leaves to keep it flexible. This prevents physical damage due to brittleness.
3. Fumigation with thymol vapors helps to prevent fungus.
Epson GT 20000 Scan with 300 dpi resolution was used for digitization, wherever required higher resolution up to 600 dpi was used. The digitized manuscripts were returned to the persons who originally possessed the manuscripts along with digital version. The rest 56 bundles were kept in wooden shelves at the library of CTMR as the healers felt it may not be possible to conserve them in their location without decay or of no use to them due to their failing vision and not in a position to read them any further and lack of interest among the next generation.
Assessment of condition of palm manuscripts
The conditions of the palm manuscripts were classified as damaged, minimal damaged and good based on the following criteria;
Damaged - the manuscripts which were damaged beyond the margins and multiple holes in the palm manuscripts making it difficult to read. Minimally damaged - these were the ones where the margins or the first and last folios were damaged or moth eaten or with fungus or letters invisible but could be retrieved. Good condition - palm manuscripts where the margins were complete, the letters were readable with the folios arranged in proper order.
The individual texts were assessed as complete and incomplete by matching the poetic text number with the number mentioned in the title of each texts.
Assessment of age of palm manuscripts
The age of the text were determined by the year, month, day, star, ayanam (solar movement) based on Tamil calendar mentioned in the script. Colophon given by the authors, language used, units mentioned and the writing style of letters were also considered to assess the age and the place of origin of the manuscripts.
The palm manuscripts were broadly be classified as primary and secondary source. Primary source (original work) in which the name of Siddhar is mentioned and is usually in the poetic form. Secondary source is the one where individual physicians have recorded their clinical experiences including drug formulations, process methods and treatment procedures.
RESULTS [back to content]
The palm manuscripts though were collected from the northern part of Tamil Nadu, the vast majority of them were written in Tamil in the dialect and glossary used in southern districts such as Tirunelveli and Kanyakumari of Tamil Nadu as Siddha tradition flourished in these region and palm trees were also aplenty.
Number and condition of manuscript
About 210 bundles of palm manuscripts were collected, of which, 160 bundles containing 258 texts belong to Siddha Medical literature. The rest were of astrology consisting of indi-vidual's birth chart and shamanism. Majority bundles contained only one Siddha text, few bundles contained 3 - 12 Siddha texts. Out of 258 Siddha manuscripts, 197 were in good condition, 26 were in minimally damaged condition and 35 were damaged. Of the 258 texts so far digitized, 122 texts were available in complete form while 136 were incomplete (Figures 2 - 3).
The oldest palm manuscripts of this collection was about 400 years old (16th Century) and the latest was about 150 years old.
Though texts contributed by fifteen Siddhars were collected in the process, the largest number of seventy is attributed to Saint Agstyar. In our observation, many authors of Siddha texts attributed their knowledge to Agastyar and hence those texts go in the name of Agastyar (Table 1).
Table 1: Number of texts attributed to different authors
Author |
No of Siddha texts |
---|---|
Agastyar | 70 |
Bogar | 7 |
Bhramamuni | 3 |
Dakshinamoorthy | 4 |
Dhanvantri | 7 |
Korakkar | 3 |
Karuvoorar | 7 |
Machamuni | 3 |
Nandheesar | 5 |
Pulipani | 5 |
Ramadevar | 5 |
Romarishi | 3 |
Sattamuni | 7 |
Sundaranandar | 3 |
Therayar | 2 |
Thirumoolar | 2 |
Yacobu | 1 |
Healers notes | 120 |
Though most of the scripts contain more than one area of knowledge, like formulation, treatment, diagnosis, specialty, the primary content was taken for content classification. The subject elaborated in the palm manuscripts had a large number of formulations, disease classification, and specialty areas of treatment (Table 2).
The availability of palm manuscripts of specialty areas like Varmam, Ophthalmology, Toxicology, Inorganic formulation and pulse diagnosis reveal the strength of the Traditional Siddha system of medicine. The treatise on Materia medica ‘Agastyar Gunapadam’ which was collected during this process was over 300 years and probably the first Siddha treatise which elaborates the properties of different herbal raw materials and food substances. The latter texts like ‘Pathartha Guna chintamani’ ‘Pathartha Guna Vilakkam’ are based on this text as we found out in slightly altered forms (in terms of words).
The presence of Unani medicine in Tamil was also not known before and is worth further studies. The presence of eight texts on pulse diagnosis which elaborates the most important diagnostic tool which is unique to this traditional medical system provides lot of research opportunity. The Siddha texts on disease of the children (Kulandhai Maruthuvam) not only elaborate the different disease conditions but also preventive care. The treatise on Karneegam - ear diseases is also less known and requires further detailed study.
Table 2: Content of the Manuscripts
Subject |
No of texts |
---|---|
Formulations of Healers | 60 |
Processing of inorganic | 4 |
Materia Medica | 2 |
Diagnostic methods | 2 |
Pulse diagnosis | 8 |
Disease description –Vaatham | 7 |
Disease description - Fever | 3 |
Ophthalmology – Nayana Vidhi | 3 |
Pediatrics – Kulandhai Maruthuvam | 5 |
Women health including ante-natal care | 3 |
Ear disease- Karneegam | 1 |
Surgery – Saliyam | 1 |
Drug Synthesis – Sarakku Vaippu | 1 |
Varma | 3 |
Unani Medicine | 1 |
Treatment Procedures | 12 |
Mystic treatment- Faith healing | 12 |
Toxicology – Vishavaidyam | 2 |
Assorted including medicines, prayers, treatment | 128 |
Figure 2: Palm manuscript bundles
Figure 3: Siddha palm manuscripts (a) before cleaning process and (b) after cleaning process
DISCUSSION [back to content]
The damage of the palm manuscripts have occurred due to improper maintenance as many owned it by default as a family property with little interest in the traditional medicine and also due to inadequate knowledge either in conserving or digitization. During our field studies it was observed that the rare palm manuscripts leaves were destroyed by rodents, moth or due to vagaries of climate and some got trenched in rain as they are mostly kept in the roof of huts. It was also observed, where ever they were held by practicing healers, they were in a reasonably good state, this is evident from the fact as many as 120 original texts which are over 300 years were found in good shape. An organized search for old manuscripts in the possession of individuals, libraries of religious institutions, monasteries may yield rich results. The critical examination of these manuscripts, cataloging, their publication and translation, are among the many things that needs to be done to fully explore the potential of the South Indian Traditional medicine - Siddha. Still many thousand palm manuscripts lie with individual healers and institutes, which needs to be digitized and creation of proper catalogue of all such works needs to be carried out in the future, particularly from Southern part of Tamil Nadu. The recent palm manuscripts are mostly clinical experiences of individual healers and formulations used by them in practice. The clinical experience with these formulations vouchsafe for the efficacy.
The current work is only a tip of the iceberg and efforts needs to be taken to digitize the palm manuscripts collected so far by various Organisation and a complete catalogus catalogorum of Siddha manuscripts needs to be created and made available online so that, comparative analysis is taken up and critical editions of Siddha texts published. The treasure of formulations will open up new opportunities in the area of drug development.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT [back to content]
Authors acknowledge the Department of AYUSH, Govt. of India for the grant for digitization of Siddha Tamil Manuscripts and Vd. S.Usman Ali, Director of our institute for guidance and various healers for providing the palm manuscripts. The Authors thank Mr. Adikesavan for assistance in preserving the manuscripts.
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- 4. Sridhar TS, Soundrapandian S. Institution in Focus: Government Oriental Manuscripts Library and Research Centre, Chennai. In: Paliwal N, Chakraborty M, editors. National Mission for Manuscripts. India;2006.p.9
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